They both seem like DNS look up methods, and one is encrypted where as the other, SOCKS5 isn't encrypted, but it uses a "proxy". There is nothing stopped this proxy from monitoring your traffic easily though.
Traditional DNS lookups are not encrypted and therefore reveal which domains you access to anyone able to monitor your network traffic. The exact pages you visit, and their content, are still encrypted (if using HTTPS), but the base domain is revealed.
DoH/DoT are two similar methods of doing encrypted DNS lookups to prevent this. They replace traditional DNS lookups.
SOCKS5 is a way to forward traffic between a client and a server, commonly used for tunneling your traffic through a proxy. It has no direct relation to DoH/DoT. The only crossover is that, when used in hostname mode, aka sock5h, the proxy can do the DNS lookup for you. Since traffic between you and the proxy is encrypted, this effectively encrypts your DNS lookup on your end, similar to DoH or DoT, but in a different way.
However, as you mentioned, using an untrustworthy SOCKS5 proxy makes you more vulnerable to monitoring overall.
GloryBeckons 2 points 2 years ago
Traditional DNS lookups are not encrypted and therefore reveal which domains you access to anyone able to monitor your network traffic. The exact pages you visit, and their content, are still encrypted (if using HTTPS), but the base domain is revealed.
DoH/DoT are two similar methods of doing encrypted DNS lookups to prevent this. They replace traditional DNS lookups.
SOCKS5 is a way to forward traffic between a client and a server, commonly used for tunneling your traffic through a proxy. It has no direct relation to DoH/DoT. The only crossover is that, when used in hostname mode, aka sock5h, the proxy can do the DNS lookup for you. Since traffic between you and the proxy is encrypted, this effectively encrypts your DNS lookup on your end, similar to DoH or DoT, but in a different way.
However, as you mentioned, using an untrustworthy SOCKS5 proxy makes you more vulnerable to monitoring overall.