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Simple. That picture is purely a demonstration of some dumb fucking making shit up.

Yes. A slightly less perfect vaccuum can exist near a near vaccuum, and only needs a tiny amount of gravitational attraction to maintain equilibrium.

G = M1M2/d^2

G = Force due to gravitational attraction
= <- An equals sign - means the equation on both sides of this sign are of the same value
M1 = the mass of the earth
M2 = the mass of a particular
/ <- this is a division symbol. Probably where you are getting confused, cause maf is hard.
d = distance
^ <- what's the correct term for this? I forget. But "raised to the power of" may be another tripping point for you, cause maf is really hard.
2 = That's the number 2. Comes after 1 and before 3 on a scale of whole numbers.

Ftotal = Fearth + Fmoon

This is a sum of two forces. If the forces are acting in the same direction they are cumulative. If they are acting in opposite direction, they are the difference.

It's not one or the other, its both working together or in opposition.

The difference in the moon's gravity acting on a molecule at the edge of the earth's atmosphere is nowhere near strong enough to oppose the earth's gravity keeping the particles in it. Although, there is no doubt that the moon's gravity will aid an escaping particle if it's been excited by other means.

See? You're picture is answered, and shows the creator of the picture is dumb as utter fuck.

If Louis Armstrong didn't go to the fucking moon then explain this, heyjames: https://9gag.com/gag/aNDdW43

GOTT'EM