Chew on this, slavery was abolished a year after the patent on the cotton gin expired. That's right, as soon as it became more economical to use machines, they stopped using blacks as forced labor. It's not like they were paying blacks, they were slaves, although they still had to house and feed them, it's not just that it was cheaper, it was far more productive to use machines. Had all slaves been not black, that choice would have been more difficult to make, for the simple fact that hand made things tend to be of higher quality.
Even today in the world of 5 axis CNC machines, hand finishing a billet cylinder head still has benefits.
I'm pretty sure the machine they have to finish a cylinder head at or better than by hand isn't a 5 axis. The most extreme tolerance stuff is done in operations that aren't in the most widely capable machines but rather more specialized. General Purpose CNC machines also go to 8 or 9 axis depending on if you count the spindle as an Axis as they are programmable to be rigidly held to a specific position as well.
I'm not talking about polishing, depending on the needs, textured surfaces can work better. It's about selective texturing, however that's not what I'm talking about. A human eye and human hand can work the lines of sight that little bit better than you can with a machine. Although you can re-create what the human hand can produce nowadays.
It's a common mistake people that don't actually understand manufacturing make, it was meant to be informative statement and not a direct assumption of your ignorance. I'm also very much aware specific surface finishes can be an engineered requirement for certain things. Just don't try to preach to me why metal 3d printing is going to change manufacturing overnight. I'll laugh at you.
Where 3d printing is changing manufacturing is in the molds used to make cast parts. If you know anything about casting you know there's always a small amount of core shift, 3d printed sand molds brings core shift tolerances tighter than what we could do 10 years ago.
People talk like it's gonna be a cotton gin, when in reality it's a less substantial improvement. Sure we can make some really really cool hollow metal stuff, but this is stuff that cannot be reasonably mass produced. This is where I laugh at people.
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Even today in the world of 5 axis CNC machines, hand finishing a billet cylinder head still has benefits.
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